Position Title: Senior Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Specialist Open Period: 26 May 2025 - 25 June 2025 Background: The Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia (RIMES) is an international and intergovernmental institution, owned and managed by its Member States, for the generation and application of early warning information. RIMES evolved from the efforts of countries in Africa and Asia, in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, to establish a regional early warning system within a multi-hazard framework for the generation and communication of early warning information, and capacity building for preparedness and response to trans-boundary hazards. RIMES was established on 30 April 2009, and was registered with the United Nations on 1 July 2009. RIMES operates from its regional early warning center located at the campus of the Asian Institute of Technology in Pathumthani, Thailand. Position Description: The Senior Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Specialist is to provide strategic and technical leadership in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of disaster risk management initiatives, including risk assessments, early warning systems, resilience planning, and institutional capacity-building. He/she is responsible for planning and developing customized Impact Based Forecasting for various stakeholders and area of impact in coordination with the members of the team. Duty station: TN-SMART Project Office, Tamil Nadu Disaster Risk Reduction Agency, Ezhilagam Annex Bld., Chennai, India. Type of Contract: Full-time, project-based contract Skills and Qualifications: Minimum Qualifications: Knowledge Masters or PhD in Disaster Management, Emergency Management, Environmental Science, Civil Engineering, Geography, Urban Planning, Public Health, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), Climate Change Adaptation, Public Policy, or Development Studies., or a related field. Experience Minimum of 5 years of experience in disaster risk management, emergency response, humanitarian aid, or related fields. Practical experience in disaster-prone areas or regions, involving direct engagement in risk assessment, mitigation, response, and recovery activities. Experience working with government agencies, international organizations, NGOs, or in community-based projects. Technical Skills: Professional certifications in disaster management, such as Certified Emergency Manager (CEM), Associate Emergency Manager (AEM), or specific courses from recognized institutions like FEMA, Red Cross, or UNISDR. Certifications in project management (e.g., PMP) can also be beneficial. Personal qualities Analytical thinker with problem-solving skills. Strong attention to detail and ability to work under pressure. Self-motivated, adaptable, and capable of working in multicultural and multidisciplinary environments. Strong communication skills and ability to coordinate with stakeholders. Major Duties and Responsibilities: Strategic and Technical Leadership: Lead the development and implementation of the national or regional DRM strategy and action plans. Provide high-level technical advice on risk identification, risk reduction, preparedness, and recovery. Guide the integration of DRM into development and sectoral policies (e.g., urban planning, water management, health, education). Conduct or oversee multi-hazard risk assessments, vulnerability analysis, and loss estimations. Institutional and Policy Support: Support national and local government agencies in reviewing, updating, and operationalizing DRM-related laws, frameworks, and SOPs. Facilitate inter-agency coordination mechanisms and national disaster platforms. Provide inputs to policy dialogues, donor engagement, and advocacy on disaster resilience and climate adaptation. Capacity Development: Identify capacity gaps and lead the design and delivery of training programs for DRM practitioners, government officials, and communities. Develop tools, guidelines, and knowledge products on best practices in risk management and disaster preparedness. Early Warning and Response Preparedness: Strengthen multi-hazard early warning systems (MHEWS), risk communication protocols, and response planning. Coordinate simulation exercises, contingency planning, and emergency preparedness strategies. Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting: Support the development of M&E systems for DRM interventions. Prepare progress reports, policy briefs, and technical publications. Monitor the implementation of DRM projects, ensuring alignment with international frameworks such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Deliverables: DRM Strategy and Action Plan Technical reports on hazard and risk assessments Capacity building plan and training modules Policy recommendations and briefing notes Inputs to donor reporting and evaluations Knowledge products and guidelines on DRM best practices Contract Duration The contract will be for 1 year, subject to a 6-month probationary period, and annual performance review. How to Apply: Interested candidates should send your application letter, resume, salary expectation and 2 references to rimeshra@rimes.int by midnight of 25 June 2025, Bangkok time. Please state “Senior Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Specialist: Name “the Subject line of the email. Only short-listed applicants will be contacted. Ms. Dusadee Padungkul Head-Operational Support Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System AIT Campus, 58 Moo 9 Paholyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand. RIMES promotes diversity and inclusion in the workplace. Well-qualified applicants particularly women are encouraged to apply. Job Type: Full-time Schedule: Monday to Friday Ability to commute/relocate: Triplicane, Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Reliably commute or planning to relocate before starting work (Preferred) Application Question(s): Do you have any prior work experience with Non-Profit Organizations, International Organizations, or Inter-Governmental Organizations? If not, are you interested in working in such environments? Please elaborate briefly. Kindly specify your salary expectations. Education: Master's (Required) Experience: disaster risk management: 5 years (Preferred) emergency response: 5 years (Preferred) humanitarian aid: 5 years (Preferred) working with government : 1 year (Preferred) working with international organizations: 1 year (Preferred) working with NGOs: 1 year (Preferred) Language: English (Required) Location: Triplicane, Chennai, Tamil Nadu (Required) Application Deadline: 25/06/2025

Position Title: Meteorologist Open Period: 27 May 2025 – 26 June 2025 Background: The Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia (RIMES) is an international and intergovernmental institution, owned and managed by its Member States, for the generation and application of early warning information. RIMES evolved from the efforts of countries in Africa and Asia, in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, to establish a regional early warning system within a multi-hazard framework for the generation and communication of early warning information, and capacity building for preparedness and response to trans-boundary hazards. RIMES was established on 30 April 2009, and was registered with the United Nations on 1 July 2009. RIMES operates from its regional early warning center located at the campus of the Asian Institute of Technology in Pathumthani, Thailand. Position Description: The Meteorologist will be responsible for managing, analyzing, and interpreting observational and forecast weather data, ensuring its quality, relevance, and timely dissemination. This role supports TNSDMA operations by evaluating forecast model performance, generating weather reports, coordinating during extreme weather events, and maintaining compliance with operational standards and protocols. The candidate should have experience with AWS data, forecast validation, and producing actionable insights for decision-makers. Duty station: TN-SMART Project Office, Tamil Nadu Disaster Risk Reduction Agency, Ezhilagam Annex Bld., Chennai, India. Type of Contract: Full-time, project-based contract Skills and Qualifications: Knowledge Doctorate or master’s degree in atmospheric science, physics, and other related fields. Experience A minimum of three years of experience in system analysis, database management, or software support. Technical Skills: Meteorological & Forecast Tools Proficiency in handling Automatic Weather Station (AWS) data and interpreting meteorological parameters. Familiarity with forecast models such as ECMWF, GFS, WRF, and regional ensemble systems. Knowledge of satellite imagery interpretation and radar data usage is a plus. Data Processing & Visualization Experience working with gridded datasets, time-series data, and spatial interpolation techniques. Proficiency in Python, R, or MATLAB for data automation, statistical analysis, and plotting. Tools like GrADS, NCL, Panoply, or NetCDF Operators (NCO). Forecast Verification & Statistical Methods Strong grounding in forecast verification metrics: RMSE, Bias, POD, FAR, CSI, etc. Ability to automate daily and seasonal forecast validation scripts and comparative assessments. GIS and Mapping (Optional) Familiarity with QGIS or ArcGIS to create spatial visualizations and impact overlays (e.g., rainfall distribution maps). Communication & Documentation Excellent skills in preparing weather bulletins, technical reports, and presentations. Ability to convey complex weather data to non-technical stakeholders in a clear and actionable manner. Coordination Tools Familiarity with incident management systems, early warning platforms, and communication protocols used in emergency response. Personal Qualities: Analytical thinker with problem-solving skills. Strong attention to detail and ability to work under pressure. Self-motivated, adaptable, and capable of working in multicultural and multidisciplinary environments. Strong communication skills and ability to coordinate with stakeholders. Major Duties and Responsibilities: Data Collection & Management: Develop and enforce Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for observation data collection, storage, quality control, and reporting. Conduct daily, monthly, seasonal, and event-based weather reporting using AWS and forecast model data. Perform periodic audits and evaluations of AWS stations to ensure performance and data reliability. Forecast Evaluation & Model Validation: Analyse and evaluate multiple forecast products integrated into TNSDMA platforms at various administrative levels (district, taluk, block). Compare forecasts with observed data to assess accuracy and identify trends, especially during extreme weather events. Recommend suitable models or blends to improve forecast reliability and event capture (e.g., heavy rain, heatwaves, windstorms). Weather Interpretation & Impact Analysis: Interpret AWS and gridded data to understand weather patterns, microclimate variations, and sectoral impacts (e.g., agriculture, infrastructure, health, transport). Update and issue forecasts twice daily to administrative officials and emergency response teams. Monitor real-time conditions and provide expert input on potential risks and response needs Emergency Coordination & Communication: Develop response protocols for severe weather events, ensuring clear roles and timelines. Coordinate with disaster management authorities, line departments, and external stakeholders during high-impact weather scenarios. Ensure timely dissemination of critical data and alerts during emergencies to relevant departments and public platforms. Quality Control & Continuous Improvement: Perform regular reviews of data quality, station health, and reporting timelines. Implement continuous improvement initiatives to enhance forecasting accuracy and operational readiness. Stay updated with emerging tools and global standards in observational meteorology and weather forecasting. Contract Duration The contract will be for 1 year, subject to a 6-month probationary period, and annual performance review. How to Apply: Interested candidates should send your application letter, resume, salary expectation and 2 references to rimeshra@rimes.int by midnight of 26 June 2025, Bangkok time. Please state “Meteorologist: Name “the Subject line of the email. Only short-listed applicants will be contacted. Ms. Dusadee Padungkul Head-Operational Support Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System AIT Campus, 58 Moo 9 Paholyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand. RIMES promotes diversity and inclusion in the workplace. Well-qualified applicants particularly women are encouraged to apply. Job Type: Full-time Schedule: Monday to Friday Ability to commute/relocate: Triplicane, Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Reliably commute or planning to relocate before starting work (Preferred) Application Question(s): Do you have any prior work experience with Non-Profit Organizations, International Organizations, or Inter-Governmental Organizations? If not, are you interested in working in such environments? Please elaborate briefly. Kindly specify your salary expectations. Education: Master's (Required) Experience: working with government : 1 year (Preferred) working with international organizations: 1 year (Preferred) working with NGOs: 1 year (Preferred) Automatic Weather Station : 1 year (Preferred) Interpreting meteorological parameters: 1 year (Preferred) Forecast models: 1 year (Preferred) Python, R, or MATLAB: 1 year (Preferred) Systems analysis: 3 years (Preferred) Database management: 3 years (Preferred) Language: English (Required) Location: Triplicane, Chennai, Tamil Nadu (Required) Application Deadline: 26/06/2025

Position Title: Hazard Risk Analyst (Drought) Open Period: 27 May 2025 – 26 June 2025 Background: The Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia (RIMES) is an international and intergovernmental institution, owned and managed by its Member States, for the generation and application of early warning information. RIMES evolved from the efforts of countries in Africa and Asia, in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, to establish a regional early warning system within a multi-hazard framework for the generation and communication of early warning information, and capacity building for preparedness and response to trans-boundary hazards. RIMES was established on 30 April 2009, and was registered with the United Nations on 1 July 2009. RIMES operates from its regional early warning center located at the campus of the Asian Institute of Technology in Pathumthani, Thailand. Position Description: The Hazard Risk Analyst (Drought) will be responsible for monitoring, analyzing, and mitigating the impacts of drought across the region. The role involves managing drought-related datasets, developing contingency plans, automating monitoring systems, contributing to Post-Disaster Needs Assessments (PDNA), and applying AI/ML techniques for proactive drought risk reduction. This position requires a strong understanding of meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural drought indicators, as well as a keen ability to translate data into actionable insights for disaster preparedness and resilience planning. Duty station: TN-SMART Project Office, Tamil Nadu Disaster Risk Reduction Agency, Ezhilagam Annex Bld., Chennai, India. Type of Contract: Full-time, project-based contract Skills and Qualifications: Minimum Qualifications: Knowledge Master’s degree in atmospheric science, physics, agriculture and other related fields. Experience A maximum of three years of experience in system analysis, database management, or software support. Technical Skills: Expertise in calculating and interpreting SPI, SPEI, NDVI, VCI, rainfall deviation, and soil moisture anomalies. Familiarity with agricultural and hydrological data relevant to drought analysis. Experience with python, R and shell scripting. Ability to conduct system troubleshooting, debugging, and issue resolution. Application of ML models (regression, classification, clustering) for drought forecasting. Proficiency in technical documentation and user training. Personal qualities Analytical thinker with problem-solving skills. Strong attention to detail and ability to work under pressure. Self-motivated, adaptable, and capable of working in multicultural and multidisciplinary environments. Strong communication skills and ability to coordinate with stakeholders. Major Duties and Responsibilities: Drought Monitoring & Analysis: Track and assess drought conditions using multiple indicators (SPI, NDVI, rainfall anomalies, reservoir status, soil moisture, etc.). Generate weekly/monthly drought situation reports and dashboards. Integrate remote sensing, ground-based, and model data for comprehensive drought assessment. Contingency Planning & Risk Mitigation: Develop and update district-wise drought contingency plans in collaboration with line departments. Identify vulnerable regions, sectors (especially agriculture), and communities at risk. Recommend drought mitigation and adaptation measures based on data trends and risk profiles. Data Automation & Visualization: Automate the ingestion and processing of meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural datasets. Build region-wise interactive maps and graphs to visualize drought severity and trends. Set up alerts and thresholds for early warning dissemination using automated systems. PDNA and Impact Assessments: Support Post-Disaster Needs Assessments (PDNA) for drought events. Contribute to loss estimation, sectoral damage analysis, and recovery planning. Collaborate with field officers to validate ground reports and align with national/international PDNA frameworks. Application of AI/ML for Drought Risk Reduction: Use machine learning techniques for drought forecasting, vulnerability modelling, and scenario analysis. Develop AI-based decision-support tools to suggest adaptive actions (e.g., crop shift, irrigation management). Work with interdisciplinary teams to incorporate socio-economic and climate variables into predictive models. Coordination & Capacity Building: Liaise with meteorological, agriculture, irrigation, and disaster management departments. Conduct training and awareness sessions on drought monitoring and mitigation tools. Document workflows, SOPs, and best practices for institutional memory and scale-up. Contract Duration The contract will be for 1 year, subject to a 6-month probationary period, and annual performance review. How to Apply: Interested candidates should send your application letter, resume, salary expectation and 2 references to rimeshra@rimes.int by midnight of 26 June 2025, Bangkok time. Please state “Hazard Risk Analyst (Drought): Name “the Subject line of the email. Only short-listed applicants will be contacted. Ms. Dusadee Padungkul Head-Operational Support Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System AIT Campus, 58 Moo 9 Paholyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand. RIMES promotes diversity and inclusion in the workplace. Well-qualified applicants particularly women are encouraged to apply. Job Type: Full-time Schedule: Monday to Friday Ability to commute/relocate: Triplicane, Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Reliably commute or planning to relocate before starting work (Preferred) Application Question(s): Do you have any prior work experience with Non-Profit Organizations, International Organizations, or Inter-Governmental Organizations? If not, are you interested in working in such environments? Please elaborate briefly. Kindly specify your salary expectations. Education: Master's (Required) Experience: working with government : 1 year (Preferred) working with international organizations: 1 year (Preferred) working with NGOs: 1 year (Preferred) software support: 3 years (Preferred) SPI, SPEI, NDVI, VCI: 3 years (Preferred) Rainfall deviation : 3 years (Preferred) Soil moisture anomalies: 3 years (Preferred) Systems analysis: 3 years (Preferred) Database management: 3 years (Preferred) Language: English (Required) Location: Triplicane, Chennai, Tamil Nadu (Required) Application Deadline: 26/06/2025

Position Title: Meteorological Data Scientist Open Period: 27 May 2025 – 26 June 2025 Background: The Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia (RIMES) is an international and intergovernmental institution, owned and managed by its Member States, for the generation and application of early warning information. RIMES evolved from the efforts of countries in Africa and Asia, in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, to establish a regional early warning system within a multi-hazard framework for the generation and communication of early warning information, and capacity building for preparedness and response to trans-boundary hazards. RIMES was established on 30 April 2009, and was registered with the United Nations on 1 July 2009. RIMES operates from its regional early warning center located at the campus of the Asian Institute of Technology in Pathumthani, Thailand. Position Description: The Meteorological data scientist position is to support the validation and performance analysis of weather forecasts by comparing them with observed meteorological data. This role is critical for enhancing forecast accuracy, ensuring data quality from automatic weather/rain gauge stations, and facilitating seamless coordination with technical teams and external vendors. Duty station: TN-SMART Project Office, Tamil Nadu Disaster Risk Reduction Agency, Ezhilagam Annex Bld., Chennai, India. Type of Contract: Full-time, project-based contract Skills and Qualifications: Minimum Qualifications: Knowledge Master’s degree in atmospheric science, physics, and other related fields. Experience A maximum of three years of experience in system analysis, database management, or software support. Technical Skills: Strong proficiency in data manipulation, plotting and automation. Experience with python, R and shell scripting. Ability to conduct system troubleshooting, debugging, and issue resolution. Familiarity with server performance monitoring and data security best practices. Proficiency in technical documentation and user training. Personal qualities Analytical thinker with problem-solving skills. Strong attention to detail and ability to work under pressure. Self-motivated, adaptable, and capable of working in multicultural and multidisciplinary environments. Strong communication skills and ability to coordinate with stakeholders. Major Duties and Responsibilities: Forecast Performance Evaluation: Develop and maintain methodologies to assess the accuracy and skill of meteorological forecasts against observed data. Generate region-wise forecast verification metrics (e.g., RMSE, MAE, correlation, categorical scores). Prepare regular performance reports, charts, and dashboards for stakeholders. Data Automation and Visualization: Write and manage scripts (Python/R preferred) to automate the extraction, processing, and cleaning of observational data from weather stations. Build visualizations to represent region-wise rainfall, temperature, and other parameters for trend and anomaly detection. Develop automated workflows for integrating observed and forecast datasets. Station Monitoring and Coordination: Monitor data flow and health status of AWS/ARG stations; identify missing or abnormal data patterns. Coordinate with vendors and field teams to report, track, and follow up on the rectification of faulty stations. Maintain logs of station issues and updates. Collaboration and Reporting: Work closely with meteorologists, system developers, and GIS/data teams to support ongoing projects. Provide technical inputs for enhancing real-time monitoring platforms (RTDAS/portals). Support in preparing documentation, SOPs, and training materials for data handling processes. Additional Expectations: Contribute to the improvement of data quality control mechanisms. Assist in model validation studies, seasonal outlook assessments, or extreme weather event analysis. Stay updated with the latest advancements in meteorological tools, satellite data usage, and open-source libraries relevant to forecast verification. Contract Duration The contract will be for 1 year, subject to a 6-month probationary period, and annual performance review. How to Apply: Interested candidates should send your application letter, resume, salary expectation and 2 references to rimeshra@rimes.int by midnight of 26 June 2025, Bangkok time. Please state “Meteorological data scientist: Name “the Subject line of the email. Only short-listed applicants will be contacted. Ms. Dusadee Padungkul Head-Operational Support Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System AIT Campus, 58 Moo 9 Paholyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand. RIMES promotes diversity and inclusion in the workplace. Well-qualified applicants particularly women are encouraged to apply. Job Type: Full-time Schedule: Monday to Friday Ability to commute/relocate: Triplicane, Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Reliably commute or planning to relocate before starting work (Preferred) Application Question(s): Do you have any prior work experience with Non-Profit Organizations, International Organizations, or Inter-Governmental Organizations? If not, are you interested in working in such environments? Please elaborate briefly. Kindly specify your salary expectations. Education: Master's (Required) Experience: working with government : 1 year (Preferred) working with international organizations: 1 year (Preferred) working with NGOs: 1 year (Preferred) Python, R shell scripting: 1 year (Preferred) system troubleshooting: 1 year (Preferred) Debugging: 1 year (Preferred) system analysis: 3 years (Preferred) database management : 3 years (Preferred) software support: 3 years (Preferred) Language: English (Required) Location: Triplicane, Chennai, Tamil Nadu (Required) Application Deadline: 26/06/2025

Position Title: Agriculture Expert (Tamil Nadu, India) Background: The Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia (RIMES) is an international and intergovernmental institution, owned and governed by its Member States, for the generation, application, and communication of multi-hazard early warning information. RIMES was formed in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, as a collective response by countries in Africa and Asia to establish a regional early warning system within a multi-hazard framework, to strengthen preparedness and response to trans-boundary hazards. RIMES was formally established on 30 April 2009 and registered with the United Nations on 1 July 2009. It operates from its regional early warning center located at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) campus in Pathumthani, Thailand. Position Description: The Agriculture Expert is to monitor drought conditions, analyze agricultural impacts, and provide practical and localized drought mitigation strategies, including the preparation of contingency and action plans for vulnerable regions. The position reports to Software Development for Early Warning System Specialist as Immediate supervisor and in close coordination with the RIMES Operation Support team to ensure alignment with RIMES program objectives and adherence to Timelines. Duty station: TN-SMART Project Office, Tamil Nadu Disaster Risk Reduction Agency, Ezhilagam Annex Bld., Chennai, India. Type of Contract: Full-time, project-based contract Skills and Qualifications: Knowledge Masters’ degree in Agriculture, Agronomy, Agro-meteorology, or a related field Experience Minimum 3-5 years of experience in agricultural planning, especially in climate or drought-related contexts Strong understanding of drought monitoring tools, agro-climatic zoning, and contingency planning. Experience working with international development organizations and multi-stakeholder projects. Willingness to travel to field sites as required. Proficiency in English (knowledge of local language is an asset). Personal Qualities: Strong analytical, communication, and capacity-building skills. Excellent programming and debugging abilities. Ability to communicate technical concepts to non-technical stakeholders. Attention to detail and commitment to reproducible research/code. Strong teamwork and collaborative mindset. Major Duties and Responsibilities: 1. Drought Monitoring & Assessment Monitor agro-climatic indicators using satellite data, weather forecasts, soil moisture, and crop condition reports. Coordinate with meteorological and remote sensing agencies to validate drought status. Assess drought impact on cropping systems, yields, and farmer livelihoods. 2. Contingency & Mitigation Planning Develop and update seasonal agriculture contingency plans for drought-prone areas. Recommend drought-resilient crops, varieties, and agronomic practices (e.g., mulching, staggered sowing, alternate crops). Prepare short-, medium-, and long-term action plans to address drought risks in agriculture. Identify critical gaps in irrigation, inputs, or extension services and suggest mitigation options. 3. Field Support & Stakeholder Coordination Work with local agriculture officers, extension agents, and farmer groups to disseminate advisory services. Conduct training and awareness programs on drought coping strategies. Liaise with line departments (agriculture, irrigation, disaster management) for coordinated response. 4. Deliverables: Periodic drought assessment reports with actionable insights. Agro-advisories and drought-specific crop calendars. District/block-level contingency plans. Drought mitigation action plans (including resource needs and institutional roles). Reports on training sessions, farmer outreach, and capacity-building activities. Contract Duration The contract will be for 1 year, subject to a 6-month probationary period, and annual performance review. How to Apply: Interested candidates should send your application letter, resume, salary expectation and 2 references to rimeshra@rimes.int. Please state “Agriculture Expert (Tamil Nadu, India) :Your Name “the Subject line of the email. Only short-listed applicants will be contacted. Ms. Dusadee Padungkul Head-Operational Support Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System AIT Campus, 58 Moo 9 Paholyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand. RIMES promotes diversity and inclusion in the workplace. Well-qualified applicants particularly women are encouraged to apply. Job Type: Full-time Schedule: Monday to Friday Application Question(s): Do you have any prior work experience with Non-Profit Organizations, International Organizations, or Inter-Governmental Organizations? If not, are you interested in working in such environments? Please elaborate briefly. Kindly specify your salary expectations. Education: Master's (Required) Experience: agricultural planning: 3 years (Required) drought monitoring tools: 3 years (Preferred) agro-climatic zoning: 3 years (Preferred) contingency planning: 3 years (Preferred) Language: English (Required) Location: Triplicane, Chennai, Tamil Nadu (Required)

Position Title: HR, Administration and Finance (HRAF) Assistant Open Period: 28 June 2025 – 12 July 2025 Background: The Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia (RIMES) is an international and intergovernmental institution, owned and managed by its Member States, for the generation and application of early warning information. RIMES evolved from the efforts of countries in Africa and Asia, in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, to establish a regional early warning system within a multi-hazard framework for the generation and communication of early warning information, and capacity building for preparedness and response to trans-boundary hazards. RIMES was established on 30 April 2009, and was registered with the United Nations on 1 July 2009. RIMES operates from its regional early warning center located at the campus of the Asian Institute of Technology in Pathumthani. Position Description: The HRAF Assistant will provide comprehensive support in administrative, human resources, finance, and procurement functions for smooth implementation of RIMES projects and operations. He/She will coordinate routine administrative tasks, facilitate staff travel and logistics, support basic HR processes such as recruitment and onboarding, assist in maintaining financial records, and support procurement-related tasks in compliance with RIMES policies. The HRAF Assistant reports directly to the Head of the Department/Project Manager. Contract Type: Full-Time Contract Duty station: TNSDMA office at Chennai, Tamil Nada, India Minimum Qualifications: Knowledge Bachelor's degree or higher in Business Administration, Human Resources, Finance, Accounting, or a related field. Experience Minimum 3 years of relevant work experience in administrative, human resources, finance, and/or procurement support. Experience in handling HR processes such as recruitment, onboarding, leave tracking, and record management. Familiarity with financial operations, budget monitoring, and preparing vouchers or payment documentation. Knowledge of procurement procedures including vendor management, RFQs, and purchase orders Experience working with international or non-profit organizations is an asset. Skill Strong organizational and time management skills, with the ability to multitask and meet deadlines. Proficiency in MS Office applications (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) and familiarity with digital recordkeeping systems. Good understanding of internal controls and compliance processes. Strong interpersonal skills with the ability to work collaboratively in a multicultural team environment. Good command of written and spoken English. Personal qualities High level of attention to detail and accuracy. Professional, discreet, and able to handle confidential information. Proactive, flexible, and able to work independently with minimal supervision. Reliable and open to learning and taking initiative. Major Duties and Responsibilities: Administrative Support Provide administrative support for day-to-day operations of the department, including scheduling meetings, maintaining calendars, organizing files, and coordinating logistical arrangements. Manage incoming and outgoing correspondence, ensuring timely distribution, filing, and appropriate follow-up on action items. Prepare, distribute, and archive meeting minutes, internal memos, event reports, and other program documents in both digital and physical formats. Coordinate international and regional travel arrangements, including bookings, itineraries, visa support, travel advances, and accommodation, ensuring alignment with RIMES travel policy. Process post-travel financial settlements and ensure proper documentation for reimbursement and accounting. Maintain and update inventory records of equipment, office supplies, and other assets; handle procurement and replenishment requests as necessary. Provide administrative support for workshops, training sessions, conferences, and other events, including logistical setup and coordination with vendors. Perform general office support functions such as reception, communication facilitation, and other operational support as required. Finance Support Assist in monitoring departmental and project budgets by tracking expenditures against approved work plans, flagging discrepancies, and proposing adjustments when needed. Prepare and process financial documents such as payment requests, advance and liquidation forms, petty cash vouchers, and bank payment instructions. Coordinate with the Finance team to ensure all financial transactions adhere to RIMES' financial regulations, documentation standards, and donor requirements. Assist in compiling data for financial reports, monthly expenditure summaries, and annual financial audits. Support the preparation of budget forecasts, expenditure analysis, and financial planning for ongoing and new projects. Procurement Support Assist in the development and issuance of procurement documentation, including Requests for Quotations (RFQs), comparative bid analysis, purchase orders, and contracts. Ensure compliance with RIMES’ Procurement Policy, including proper documentation of procurement processes, approvals, and justification of vendor selection. Maintain and update procurement tracking systems and records, ensuring accurate and timely documentation of procurement actions and contracts. Communicate with vendors to request quotations, clarify specifications, follow up on delivery timelines, and resolve any procurement issues. Support contract monitoring by tracking delivery, verifying goods and services received, and maintaining vendor performance records. HR Support Assist in recruitment processes by preparing job postings, screening applications, coordinating interview schedules, and supporting candidate communication. Facilitate the onboarding process for new staff, including organizing orientation sessions, processing employment documentation, and coordinating IT and workspace setup. Maintain and regularly update staff databases, including personal files, employment history, contract status, and leave balances. Track leave applications, generate summary reports, and alert supervisors to leave planning issues or discrepancies. Assist in the preparation of HR-related reports and correspondence, including staff announcements, HR circulars, and training support materials. Other Responsibilities Monitor and maintain a timeline of project and administrative deadlines (e.g., financial reporting, donor deliverables, HR renewals) and notify responsible staff in advance. Facilitate communication and coordination with the RIMES Operations Support Department (HR, Finance, and Procurement Units) to ensure smooth integration of support services. Support special assignments, internal audits, internal assessments, and implementation of new systems or procedures as directed. Perform any other duties assigned by the Head of Department/Project Manager to contribute to efficient department functioning. Contract Duration: The contract will initially be for one year and will be extended upon satisfactory completion of a six-month probationary term and each annual performance review. How to Apply: Interested candidates should send your application letter, resume, salary expectation and 2 references in PDF format to rimeshra@rimes.int by midnight of 12 July 2025, Bangkok time. Please state “ HR, Administration and Finance (HRAF) Assistant : Your Name “ the Subject line of the email. Only short-listed applicants will be contacted. Ms. Dusadee Padungkul Head, Department of Operational Support Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System AIT Campus, 58 Moo 9 Paholyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand. RIMES promotes diversity and inclusion in the workplace. Well-qualified applicants particularly women are encouraged to apply. Job Type: Full-time Schedule: Monday to Friday Ability to commute/relocate: Triplicane, Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Reliably commute or planning to relocate before starting work (Preferred) Application Question(s): Do you have any prior work experience with Non-Profit Organizations, International Organizations, or Inter-Governmental Organizations? If not, are you interested in working in such environments? Please elaborate briefly. Please state your current and expected salary. Education: Bachelor's (Required) Experience: Procurement procedures : 3 years (Preferred) Communication skills: 3 years (Preferred) Administrative: 3 years (Required) Human resources: 3 years (Required) Finance: 3 years (Required) Procurement: 3 years (Preferred) MS Office applications : 3 years (Preferred) Recruitment: 3 years (Preferred) Financial operations: 3 years (Preferred) Language: English (Required)

Position Title: Mobile Application Developer (Tamil Nadu, India) Open Period: 28 June 2025 – 12 July 2025 Background: The Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia (RIMES) is an international and intergovernmental institution, owned and managed by its Member States, for the generation and application of early warning information. RIMES evolved from the efforts of countries in Africa and Asia, in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, to establish a regional early warning system within a multi-hazard framework for the generation and communication of early warning information, and capacity building for preparedness and response to trans-boundary hazards. RIMES was established on 30 April 2009, and was registered with the United Nations on 1 July 2009. RIMES operates from its regional early warning center located at the campus of the Asian Institute of Technology in Pathumthani. Position Description: The Mobile Application Developer is to design, develop, test, and deploy a high-quality mobile application that meets the functional and user experience requirements of the project, while ensuring performance, scalability, and maintainability. Contract Type: Full-Time Contract Duty station: TNSDMA office at Chennai, Tamil Nada, India Minimum Qualifications: Knowledge Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science, Software Engineering, or related field. Experience Minimum 3–5 years of experience in mobile application development Proficiency in mobile development frameworks (Flutter, React Native, Kotlin, Swift) Experience in consuming REST APIs, working with databases (SQLite, Firebase, etc.) Familiarity with Angular, HTML, and CSS for building web applications Familiarity with Git, CI/CD workflows, and agile development methodologies Strong UI/UX design sense and understanding of platform-specific guidelines Experience with notifications, location services, and offline functionality is a plus. Personal qualities Analytical thinker with problem-solving skills. Strong attention to detail and ability to work under pressure. Self-motivated, adaptable, and capable of working in multicultural and multidisciplinary environments. Strong communication skills and ability to coordinate with stakeholders. Major Duties and Responsibilities: 1.Development & Maintenance Develop and maintain mobile applications using native ( Kotlin/Swift ) and/or cross-platform frameworks (e.g., Flutter, React Native ). Ensure applications meet functional and technical specifications. Write clean, scalable, and well-documented code. 2. UI/UX Integration Collaborate with designers to implement high-quality interfaces. Optimize apps for performance, speed, and responsiveness. 3. Testing & Quality Assurance Perform unit and integration testing. Fix bugs and improve app performance based on test results and user feedback. 4. API & Backend Integration Work with backend developers to integrate RESTful APIs. Ensure secure data transmission and storage practices. 5. Deployment & Support Publish apps to the App Store and Google Play. Provide technical support and troubleshoot post-deployment issues . 6. Deliverables: Fully functional mobile app ( Android/iOS ) with all required features. Source code with clean, modular, and well-documented architecture. Integration with APIs and real-time data services. App store deployment packages. User manual and technical documentation. Post-deployment support for a specified duration Contract Duration: The contract will initially be for one year and will be extended upon satisfactory completion of a 180-day probationary period and positive results in the annual performance review. How to Apply: Interested candidates should send your application letter, resume, salary expectation and 2 references in PDF format to rimeshra@rimes.int by midnight of 12 June 2025, Bangkok time. Please state “Mobile Application Developer (Tamil Nadu, India): Your Name “ the Subject line of the email. Only short-listed applicants will be contacted. Ms. Dusadee Padungkul Head, Department of Operational Support Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System AIT Campus, 58 Moo 9 Paholyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand. RIMES promotes diversity and inclusion in the workplace. Well-qualified applicants particularly women are encouraged to apply. Job Type: Full-time Schedule: Monday to Friday Ability to commute/relocate: Triplicane, Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Reliably commute or planning to relocate before starting work (Preferred) Application Question(s): Do you have any prior work experience with Non-Profit Organizations, International Organizations, or Inter-Governmental Organizations? If not, are you interested in working in such environments? Please elaborate briefly. Please state your current and expected salary. Education: Bachelor's (Required) Experience: Angular: 3 years (Preferred) HTML: 3 years (Preferred) CSS: 3 years (Preferred) UI design: 3 years (Preferred) Mobile applications Development: 3 years (Required) Flutter: 3 years (Preferred) React Native: 3 years (Preferred) Kotlin: 3 years (Preferred) Swift: 3 years (Preferred) Language: English (Required) Location: Triplicane, Chennai, Tamil Nadu (Required)

Position Title: AI/ML Developer (Tamil Nadu, India) Open Period: 28 June 2025 – 12 July 2025 Background: The Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia (RIMES) is an international and intergovernmental institution, owned and managed by its Member States, for the generation and application of early warning information. RIMES evolved from the efforts of countries in Africa and Asia, in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, to establish a regional early warning system within a multi-hazard framework for the generation and communication of early warning information, and capacity building for preparedness and response to trans-boundary hazards. RIMES was established on 30 April 2009, and was registered with the United Nations on 1 July 2009. RIMES operates from its regional early warning center located at the campus of the Asian Institute of Technology in Pathumthani. Position Description: The AI/ML Developer is to develop, train, validate, and deploy AI and ML models that meet the project's analytical needs, ensuring accuracy, scalability, and efficiency. Contract Type: Full-Time Contract Duty station: TNSDMA office at Chennai, Tamil Nada, India Minimum Qualifications: Knowledge Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Computer Science, Data Science, Artificial Intelligence, or a related field.. Experience Minimum 3 years of experience in machine learning or AI development Proficiency in Python and ML frameworks such as TensorFlow, PyTorch, Scikit-learn. Experience with data preprocessing, feature engineering, and model evaluation. Experience with cloud services (AWS, Azure, GCP) for AI model deployment, good understanding of data structures, algorithms, and software engineering practices Experience with database systems (SQL, NoSQL) and big data tools (e.g., Spark, Hadoop) is a plus. Personal qualities Strong analytical and problem-solving skills. Excellent programming and debugging abilities. Ability to communicate technical concepts to non-technical stakeholders. Attention to detail and commitment to reproducible research/code. Strong teamwork and collaborative mindset. Major Duties and Responsibilities: 1. Data Processing & Analysis Collect, clean, and preprocess structured and unstructured data. Conduct exploratory data analysis to identify trends and patterns. 2. Model Development Design, train, validate, and fine-tune machine learning models using frameworks such as TensorFlow, PyTorch, Scikit-learn, or Hugging Face. Develop and optimize deep learning architectures for classification, regression, NLP, or computer vision tasks. 3. Deployment & Integration Deploy models using tools like Docker, FastAPI, Flask, or TensorFlow Serving. Integrate models into existing applications, pipelines, or APIs. Implement monitoring and performance evaluation of deployed models. 4. Documentation & Collaboration Write clear and comprehensive documentation for models, data pipelines, and APIs. Work collaboratively with data engineers, software developers, and domain experts to ensure alignment with project objectives. 5. Innovation & Research Stay up to date with the latest AI/ML research and tools. Contribute to prototyping and innovation initiatives within the organization. 6. Deliverables: Clean, well-documented code and model scripts. Trained and validated AI/ML models with performance reports. Data pipelines and preprocessing scripts. Deployment-ready models integrated with APIs or platforms. Monthly progress reports on development and outcomes. Final report with documentation on model architecture, datasets, results, and recommendations. How to Apply: Interested candidates should send your application letter, resume, salary expectation and 2 references in PDF format to rimeshra@rimes.int by midnight of 12 July 2025, Bangkok time. Please state “AI/ML Developer (Tamil Nadu, India): Your Name “ the Subject line of the email. Only short-listed applicants will be contacted. Ms. Dusadee Padungkul Head, Department of Operational Support Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System AIT Campus, 58 Moo 9 Paholyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand. RIMES promotes diversity and inclusion in the workplace. Well-qualified applicants particularly women are encouraged to apply. Job Type: Full-time Schedule: Monday to Friday Ability to commute/relocate: Triplicane, Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Reliably commute or planning to relocate before starting work (Preferred) Application Question(s): Do you have any prior work experience with Non-Profit Organizations, International Organizations, or Inter-Governmental Organizations? If not, are you interested in working in such environments? Please elaborate briefly. Education: Bachelor's (Required) Experience: AI development: 3 years (Preferred) Machine learning: 3 years (Preferred) Python: 3 years (Preferred) Hadoop: 3 years (Preferred) TensorFlow: 3 years (Preferred) Data preprocessing : 3 years (Preferred) Data structures: 3 years (Preferred) Spark: 3 years (Preferred) Scikit-learn : 3 years (Preferred) Language: English (Required) Location: Triplicane, Chennai, Tamil Nadu (Required)

Position Title: Server Maintenance Engineer (Tamil Nadu, India) Open Period: 28 June 2025 – 12 July 2025 Background: The Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia (RIMES) is an international and intergovernmental institution, owned and managed by its Member States, for the generation and application of early warning information. RIMES evolved from the efforts of countries in Africa and Asia, in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, to establish a regional early warning system within a multi-hazard framework for the generation and communication of early warning information, and capacity building for preparedness and response to trans-boundary hazards. RIMES was established on 30 April 2009, and was registered with the United Nations on 1 July 2009. RIMES operates from its regional early warning center located at the campus of the Asian Institute of Technology in Pathumthani. Position Description: The Server maintenance engineer is responsible for designing and implementing robust, scalable, and secure IT solutions to support RIMES’ disaster risk management and early warning systems. This role requires a deep understanding of architectural principles, design patterns, and integration techniques, along with the ability to analyze complex technical requirements and develop innovative solutions. The Server maintenance engineer will be involved in all phases of the project lifecycle, from initial analysis and design through to implementation, maintenance, and continuous improvement Contract Type: Full-Time Contract Duty station: TNSDMA office at Chennai, Tamil Nada, India Skills and Qualifications: Minimum Qualifications: Knowledge Bachelor’s degree or higher in Computer Science, Information Communication Technology, or related fields. Operating Systems various Linux distributions (Server version of Ubuntu, CentOS, Red Hat, etc.). This includes installation, configuration, troubleshooting, and security hardening. Proficiency with virtualization platforms (e.g., VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, KVM, Proxmox VE) Networking: Strong grasp of TCP/IP, DNS, DHCP, routing, firewalls, VPNs, and network diagnostics. Basic knowledge about server hardware Experience Minimum of 3 years of experience in software development, system design, or architecture roles. Proven experience in designing and implementing complex IT solutions, including data integration and management systems. Experience with agile methodologies and project management practices. Demonstrated experience in conducting security audits, performance tuning, and system optimization. Skills and abilities Basic skills in any programming language and bash script (e.g., PHP, Python, golang, bash etc.), databases (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc.), and cloud computing platforms. Excellent communication, collaboration, and leadership skills. Personal qualities Excellent interpersonal skills; team-oriented work style; pleasant personality. Strong desire to learn and undertake new challenges. Creative problem-solver; willingness to work hard. Interest and experience in working in a multicultural environment. Major Duties and Responsibilities: Monitor server performance and health. Troubleshoot and resolve server hardware and software issues. Install, configure, and upgrade servers and related components. Perform routine maintenance, patching, and security updates. Collaborate with developers to set up and monitor their systems on servers. Manage and test backup and disaster recovery processes. Implement and enforce server security measures. Document server configurations and procedures. Contract Duration: The contract will initially be for one year and will be extended upon satisfactory completion of a 180-day probationary period and positive results in the annual performance review. How to Apply: Interested candidates should send your application letter, resume, salary expectation and 2 references in PDF format to rimeshra@rimes.int by midnight of 12 July 2025, Bangkok time. Please state “Server Maintenance Engineer (Tamil Nadu, India): Your Name “ the Subject line of the email. Only short-listed applicants will be contacted. Ms. Dusadee Padungkul Head, Department of Operational Support Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System AIT Campus, 58 Moo 9 Paholyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand. RIMES promotes diversity and inclusion in the workplace. Well-qualified applicants particularly women are encouraged to apply. Job Type: Full-time Schedule: Monday to Friday Ability to commute/relocate: Triplicane, Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Reliably commute or planning to relocate before starting work (Required) Application Question(s): Do you have any prior work experience with Non-Profit Organizations, International Organizations, or Inter-Governmental Organizations? If not, are you interested in working in such environments? Please elaborate briefly. Please state your current and expected salary. Education: Bachelor's (Required) Experience: Server management: 3 years (Required) Network configuration : 3 years (Preferred) Python: 3 years (Preferred) Golang : 3 years (Preferred) MySQL: 3 years (Preferred) Cloud computing: 3 years (Preferred) Bash (Unix shell): 3 years (Preferred) Linux: 3 years (Required)

Position Title: Full Stack Developer (Tamil Nadu, India) Open Period: 28 June to 12 July 2025 Background: The Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia (RIMES) is an international and intergovernmental institution, owned and managed by its Member States, for the generation and application of early warning information. RIMES evolved from the efforts of countries in Africa and Asia, in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, to establish a regional early warning system within a multi-hazard framework for the generation and communication of early warning information, and capacity building for preparedness and response to trans-boundary hazards. RIMES was established on 30 April 2009, and was registered with the United Nations on 1 July 2009. RIMES operates from its regional early warning center located at the campus of the Asian Institute of Technology in Pathumthani. Position Description: The Full Stack Developer’s role is to design, develop, test, deploy, and maintain both front-end and back-end components of web or mobile applications to ensure robust, scalable, and secure delivery that meet the functional and technical specifications of the project. Contract Type: Full-Time Contract Duty station: TNSDMA office at Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Skills and Qualifications: Minimum Qualifications: Knowledge Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science, Engineering, or a related field. Experience 3–5 years of professional experience in full-stack development Proficiency in front-end frameworks (e.g., React, Angular ) and back-end environments (e.g., Node.js, Django, Laravel, Fast API, Golang ) Strong database management skills ( SQL and PostgreSQL ) Experience with cloud services and containerization (Docker, Kubernetes) Knowledge of security best practices in web and mobile application development Personal qualities Analytical thinker with problem-solving skills. Strong attention to detail and ability to work under pressure. Self-motivated, adaptable, and capable of working in multicultural and multidisciplinary environments. Strong communication skills and ability to coordinate with stakeholders Major Duties and Responsibilities: 1. Front-end Development: Designing and implementing responsive user interfaces using frameworks such as React, Angular, or Vue.js Ensuring cross-browser compatibility and accessibility standards Integrating APIs with front-end. 2. Back-end Development: Developing RESTful or GraphQL APIs Writing server-side logic in Node.js, Python (Django/Flask), Java (Spring), PHP (Laravel), or similar Designing and managing relational (e.g., PostgreSQL, MySQL) and non-relational databases (e.g., MongoDB) 3. DevOps & Integration: Deploying applications using CI/CD pipelines (e.g., GitHub Actions, Jenkins, GitLab CI) Managing version control via Git Configuring and managing cloud services (e.g., AWS, Azure, GCP) 4. Quality Assurance: Writing unit, integration, and E2E tests Debugging and resolving performance issues Participating in code reviews and agile development meetings Deliverables: Functional and user-friendly applications with clean, maintainable code Technical documentation for APIs and system architecture Regular updates to stakeholders and version-controlled repositories Project deliverables according to timeline agreed with immediate supervisors Contract Duration: The contract will initially be for one year and will be extended upon satisfactory completion of a 180-day probationary period and positive results in the annual performance review. How to Apply: Interested candidates should send your application letter, resume, salary expectation and 2 references in PDF format to rimeshra@rimes.int by midnight of 12 July 2025, Bangkok time. Please state “Full Stack Developer (Tamil Nada, India): Your Name” the Subject line of the email. Only short-listed applicants will be contacted. Ms. Dusadee Padungkul Head, Department of Operational Support Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System AIT Campus, 58 Moo 9 Paholyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand. RIMES promotes diversity and inclusion in the workplace. Well-qualified applicants particularly women are encouraged to apply. Job Type: Full-time Schedule: Monday to Friday Ability to commute/relocate: Triplicane, Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Reliably commute or planning to relocate before starting work (Required) Application Question(s): Do you have an experience working with Non-Profit Organization? Please state your current and expected salary. Could you please provide your location? Education: Bachelor's (Required) Experience: full-stack development : 3 years (Required) React: 3 years (Required) Angular: 3 years (Required) Linux: 3 years (Preferred) Node.js: 3 years (Preferred) Django: 3 years (Preferred) Laravel: 3 years (Preferred) SQL: 3 years (Preferred) PostgreSQL: 3 years (Preferred) Language: English (Required)